EvidenceOfficial finding15 Mar 2014 00:00 UTC

BTO range rings and BFO Doppler residuals

Inmarsat / Ashton et al. · Journal of Navigation

Burst Timing Offset describes distance from the satellite (an arc on the Earth). Burst Frequency Offset encodes relative motion and is why official analysis went south, not north.

BTO minus a processing delay is a range constraint: at each handshake the aircraft lay on a ring around Inmarsat-3 F1. BFO is a frequency residual that, once satellite motion and oscillator drift are modelled, discriminates a northbound from a southbound aeroplane. Ashton, Dickinson, Hall, Roberts and Smith published the method in the Journal of Navigation. DSTG later turned it into a Bayesian posterior along the 7th arc. Jeff Wise’s northern path requires the BFO sign to be wrong or spoofed. No public demonstration has shown a 2014 777 SDU emitting a false BFO while keeping consistent BTO. The physics is the load-bearing witness to the last six hours. It is not a crash coordinate.

Sources

Ashton et al., Journal of Navigation
ATSB AE-2014-054

DocumentOfficial finding7 Oct 2014 00:00 UTC

BTO range rings and BFO Doppler residuals

Sources

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