Resources

Inmarsat signalling-unit log for 9M-MRO

Perth Ground Earth Station · 7–8 March 2014

The table of channel, BTO, BFO and message type that underpins every arc on every search map. Released by Malaysia with Inmarsat notes.

Inmarsat signalling-unit logs for 9M-MRO

Perth Ground Earth Station · 7–8 March 2014

The raw-ish tables of channel, BTO, BFO and message type that underpin every arc on every search map. Released by Malaysia with Inmarsat explanatory notes.

The 18:25 log-on follows a SATCOM power interruption

Official: aircraft-initiated log-on three minutes after last radar is most likely SDU power restore. Why power was lost is unknown.

Alleged-video 6 fps ‘Gorgon Stare match’ is contradicted by the 2013 OSD report

The 6 fps ‘Gorgon Stare match’ claimed for alleged video is not established. 2 fps is the documented comparison figure. Increment 2’s rate is unpublished here.

DSTG Bayesian flight-path analysis

Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia

A probabilistic reconstruction of MH370’s path from SATCOM metadata. Output is a distribution along the 7th arc, not a pin in the map.

Satellite data unit logs back on

18:25:27 UTC · Handshake 1

Three minutes after the last radar paint, the aircraft SDU sends a log-on request to Inmarsat. Investigators treat this as a power restoration to the SATCOM avionics.

Handshake 3

20:41:02 UTC

Third SATCOM handshake. Hourly keep-alive continues.

Handshake 4

21:41:24 UTC

Fourth SATCOM handshake, still on the southern corridor in BFO reconstructions.

Handshake 5

22:41:19 UTC

Fifth SATCOM handshake.

Failed handshake — terminal silent

01:15:56 UTC

The ground station interrogates 9M-MRO and receives no response. The aircraft is no longer a live terminal.

Is Flight 370 still sending signals?

CNN · 13 March 2014 · 2:09

Week-one report, before the 15 March Inmarsat southern-arc briefing. Captures the live confusion over whether the aircraft was still electrically alive.

Is the public ACARS log missing a block of messages?

Jericho 2019 attributes a ~26-minute exclusion in the released ACARS traffic log and an ACARS-unavailable window of roughly 22–78 minutes. Needs a line-by-line check against the MOT 2015 Factual Information ACARS appendix.

Last ACARS transmission

17:07:29 UTC

The final Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System message leaves 9M-MRO. Expected reports at 17:37 and 18:07 never arrive.

7th arc (schematic locus)

00:19 UTC range ring from Inmarsat I-3

Search geometry, not a wreck coordinate. Official and Ocean Infinity boxes are arguments about a segment of this arc.

BTO range rings and BFO Doppler residuals

Inmarsat / Ashton et al. · Journal of Navigation

Burst Timing Offset describes distance from the satellite (an arc on the Earth). Burst Frequency Offset encodes relative motion and is why official analysis went south, not north.

Could the Inmarsat BFO have been spoofed?

Wise’s northern path stands or falls on this. Inmarsat and ATSB treat BFO as a physical Doppler residual. No public demonstration has shown a 2014-era 777 SDU emitting a false BFO while keeping a consistent BTO.

Handshake 2

19:41:00 UTC

Ground-initiated hourly handshake. The aircraft remains a live Inmarsat terminal, southbound on the Indian Ocean corridor in later reconstructions.

Handshake 6 — last successful hourly ping

00:10:58 UTC 8 March

The last completed ground-initiated handshake. Eight minutes later the aircraft sends a log-on associated with fuel exhaustion.

Handshake 7 — aircraft-initiated log-on

00:19:29 UTC · probable fuel exhaustion

The SDU sends a log-on request, then a log-on acknowledge eight seconds later. The investigation treats this as power-up after dual engine flame-out.

Inmarsat

Classic Aero I-3 · Perth Ground Earth Station

The communications company that became the principal witness to MH370’s last six hours.

Last voice contact

17:19:30 UTC · “Good night Malaysian three seven zero”

Lumpur Radar transfers MH370 to Ho Chi Minh. The reply — attributed to the captain — is the last recorded voice transmission from the flight.

Level at FL350

17:01:17 UTC

The captain reports maintaining flight level 350. The aircraft is established on the filed route toward waypoint IGARI.

Second unanswered sat-phone call

23:13:58 UTC

Another ground-to-air telephone call is acknowledged by the SDU and unanswered in the cockpit.

The 00:19 log-on is probable fuel exhaustion

Official finding: aircraft-initiated log-on most likely a power restore after dual flame-out and APU/bus bring-up.

The 7th arc

00:19:29 UTC aircraft-initiated log-on

BTO range ring at the last transmission. Official and Ocean Infinity boxes are arguments about a segment of this arc plus a stand-off. It is not a crash pin.

The Search for MH370 — Journal of Navigation

Ashton, Dickinson, Hall, Roberts, Smith · Inmarsat · 2014/15

The paper that showed how BTO and BFO from routine signalling units can reconstruct a long flight the airline did not know it still had.

Unanswered ground-to-air telephone call

18:39:52 UTC

Malaysia Airlines operations places a sat-phone call to the aircraft. The SDU acknowledges the incoming call; nobody in the cockpit answers.

Alleged thermal / wide-area video is authentic collection

Hypothesis to test — provenance not established

Circulating clips are treated as alleged. If genuine, at least one collector must satisfy geometry, band, FOV, altitude and comms. Platform IDs attached to social posts are not accepted as authority. A ~6 fps ‘Gorgon Stare Increment 2 match’ is contradicted by the 2013 OSD 2 fps figure.

Factual Information — MH370

Malaysian investigation team · interim releases 2014–2015

Early factual compilations: aircraft history, crew, cargo, ATC transcripts, radar, SATCOM. Released before debris and before the 2018 analysis chapters. The 8 March 2015 issue (updated 15 April 2015) is held here as a downloadable original.

Forensic evidence board — facts, capabilities, missing dossiers

Working chart of intersections · ten target records still outstanding

Cork-board reconstruction: Malaysian military radar and MH370 data on one side; QF-16 2013, UAV/UAS patents, JORN, Kadena P-8A/P-3C, Inmarsat SATCOM and Boeing range models on the other. The bottom row is the live request list — Boeing’s 4 March statement of work, sortie logs, Global Hawk, Pinckney/Kidd tracks, JORN tasking, SBIRS, Five Eyes correspondence, 9M-MRO avionics configuration.

Gorgon Stare documented at 2 fps, not 6 fps

OSD September 2013 comparison figure

Primary pre-MH370 report labels Gorgon Stare 2 fps versus 30 fps FMV. A claimed ~6 fps match to Increment 2 is not established, pending an Increment-2 specification.

Andaman Sea / last primary radar

18:22:12 UTC

Final military primary return, northwest of Malaysia. After this, only SATCOM.

Did 9M-MRO have any path for external flight-control commands?

Patents prove the concept. The test is hardware/software, SATCOM/data-link, power architecture, and maintenance/modification records on this tail.

Fariq Abdul Hamid

First officer · MH370

Not heard on the last ATC handover. His mobile registered with a Penang tower at 17:52:27 UTC, corroborating the westbound primary-radar track. About 2,763 hours; this was a 777 training sector.

Flap-track fairing found in Mozambique

27 December 2015 / identified 2016

A right-wing no. 7 flap support fairing is recovered at Daghatane Beach, Mozambique. Stencilling matches Malaysia Airlines practice; ATSB judges it almost certainly MH370.

Joint Agency Coordination Centre

Australia · southern Indian Ocean search coordination

Stood up to run the multinational southern search after the SATCOM pivot.

MAGIC, Aurora and Boeing/NRL patents drop from the paper trail in 2014

Follow-up briefing: Aurora’s remote-operation work for the US military from about 2010; MAGIC and several Boeing and NRL patents then become hard to find in open documents in 2014. Redacted Blue Devil letters are shown with matching date cut-offs.

Mechanical / cargo-fire failure

Official report: no identified failure mode fits

A running systems failure that also produces a coherent reverse course and six more hours of SATCOM is a poor fit. Lithium-battery cargo was reviewed and not adopted as cause.

New search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 underway

CBC News: The National · 31 December 2025 · 2:19

Canadian network report on Ocean Infinity Phase 2 putting to sea. Matches MOT dates: 31 December 2025 to 23 January 2026.

Petter Hörnfeldt

Mentour Pilot

56-minute 2024 reconstruction from the official report and independent SATCOM papers. Sequential transponder-off, seven handshakes, Blelly–Marchand end-of-flight, WSPR as a possible extra trace. Stated aim: restart the search.

The aircraft ended in the southern Indian Ocean

Supported by SATCOM southern BFO, 7th-arc geometry, and serial-confirmed debris on western Indian Ocean coasts. Main wreckage still unfound.

Why did SAR start in the wrong ocean for days?

Military primary radar and live SATCOM existed while the public search flew the South China Sea. Minister ~10:30 MYT; KL ARCC 22:30; Thai Surat Thani 18–19 March. GADSS is the policy answer; the night-of organisational failure is still a research subject.

A NEW Trace! The FULL MH370 Story, so Far

Mentour Pilot · Petter Hörnfeldt · 16 March 2024 · 56:06

Type-rated 737 captain’s reconstruction from the 2018 report, Inmarsat BTO/BFO, and the Blelly–Marchand end-of-flight paper. Argues the transponder was selected off in two steps, not failed as a unit. Closes with a WSPR lead and a request to restart the search.

Ashton Forbes

Independent researcher · alleged thermal and wide-area video

Source of widely circulated alleged thermal/WAMI videos and platform identifications. Those identifications are hypotheses, not findings. Plasma-orb claims are treated as unsubstantiated. A third-party extract of 824 of his videos is a claim list, not proof. Edward C. Lin FOIA does not name MH370.

Asset denial of the Freescale team

Quiet Exodus thesis · not adopted as a finding

Hypothesis: the United States removed twenty Freescale employees from China’s reach, using a clandestine compact-fusion platform, because they were the programme’s irreplaceable integration unit. Headcount is confirmed. The programme-link, the intercept, and the 18:22 structural kill are not.

ATSB underwater search box 2014–2017

~120,000 km² · suspended 17 January 2017

High-resolution seabed search along a refined 7th-arc corridor. No wreckage.

Australian Transport Safety Bureau

Lead of the 2014–2017 southern Indian Ocean search

Drew and exhausted the 120,000 km² underwater box. Operational-search report is the engineering baseline for later Ocean Infinity boxes.

Blue Devil I / II

Operational Block 1 WAAS + SIGINT · Block 2 residuals to BIG SAFARI

Block 1 was operational: manned aircraft carrying Angel Fire-derived wide-area imagery integrated with SIGINT. Block 2, the airship, was terminated — but its equipment, including GFE, was packed and sent to a BIG SAFARI facility in Greenville, Texas, available for other programmes. The technology did not vanish with the airship.

Capt. John Cox: preponderance is a deliberate act, high likelihood the captain

June 2026 interview. FIR-boundary dropout, reverse course, ocean leg — too many coincidences for a random failure, in his reading. Not a court finding and not the 2018 report’s wording.

Captain’s home flight-simulator files

Imaged by RMP · restored coordinates mapped by commentators

Files exist. A restored route into the southern Indian Ocean has been published. The 2018 report did not treat this as a reconstructed plan.

Cargo, including lithium-ion batteries

Manifest reviewed; fire hypothesis not supported

The aircraft carried cargo including lithium-ion batteries. The investigation found they were packed to regulation and did not support a cargo-fire cause.

Controlled descent / ditching

Someone still flying at the end

A pilot or system flies a glide after flame-out, so the wreck lies tens of kilometres from the 7th arc. Flaperon damage is read by some independent engineers as consistent with a ditching sequence.

Cubic US6641087B1 — anti-hijack remote pilot

Commercial retrofit · satellite relay · cockpit exclusion

Confirmed patent. Activation onboard or by remote override; deactivate normal pilot control; uplink airspeed/altitude/fuel; optional disable of ordinary communications; CVR/FDR upload. USPTO: 4-year fee 4 May 2007, 8-year fee 4 May 2011, expired 4 Nov 2015 for later non-payment. In force on 8 March 2014. No installation evidence in this archive.

FIRST RF Phase II — dual-band UHF/X-band airborne SAR

FA8650-11-C-1016 · $749,593 · start 26 Jan 2011 · topic AF093-138

Official SBIR: lightweight dual-band UHF/X-band SAR on a modified Artemis COTS radar plus FIRST RF single-aperture antenna. SWaP ~20 lb / 150 W. Design target included Shadow 200. A concrete alternative to treating Orion as the unnamed FY2013 RF Persistent Sensing platform.

Flight MH370 — 17 Fascinating Facts

J. Jericho / The Free School · March 2019 · Drive backup PDF

Independent compilation of official-file facts with annexes (simulator pages, passenger list, cargo docs, Boeing patent, ACARS log). Not an official report. Several numbered “facts” still need MOT/ATSB cross-check.

Flight MH370 Vanished 10 Years Ago. What’s Happened Since?

CNA Insider · Insight · 8 March 2024 · 47:24

Tenth-anniversary Singapore broadcast: Inmarsat handshake rings, the 120,000 km² ATSB box, family pressure, and the state of independent debris work. Does not adopt a cockpit perpetrator.

Flight-crew diversion

Manual inputs from the cockpit — who, and why, unproven

The 2018 report says the turn-back likely resulted from manual inputs. It does not identify a crew member as perpetrator and did not treat the home simulator as a plan.

Gorgon Stare

BIG SAFARI wide-area surveillance · podded, not MQ-9-only

Developed through BIG SAFARI. Increment 2 is ARGUS-derived EO plus Exelis IR. Congress treated the podded/open architecture as integrable on more than one aircraft type. MQ-9 is the documented host; an Orion fit by 8 March 2014 is open. 2013 OSD figure: 2 fps, not 6.

ICAO GADSS tracking standards

Global Aeronautical Distress and Safety System · post-MH370

The regulatory aftershock: aircraft must report position at least every 15 minutes in normal flight, and more often in distress, so a 777 cannot again fly dark for six hours unnoticed.

Malaysia Airlines declares the flight missing

23:24 UTC

The airline issues a public statement that MH370 is missing, hours after radio and radar contact were lost and while the aircraft is still exchanging satellite handshakes.